A consequence of great variation in genotype and phenotype is that some breeds have inherent aberrant physiological and morphological traits that may show up relatively early in development (e.g., hypertension, hyperglycemia, and limb defects in the broiler chickens). Yet, the modern chicken in its many forms is the result of artificial selection more intense than almost any other domesticated animal. 2Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas Denton, Denton, TX, United Statesīiomedical research focusing on physiological, morphological, behavioral, and other aspects of development has long depended upon the chicken ( Gallus gallus domesticus) as a key animal model that is presumed to be typical of birds and generally applicable to mammals.1Facultad de Ciencias, Biologia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, Mexico.
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